Oracular responses from Delphi

List of 800 to 700 B.C. responses
after Fontenrose (1978) and Parke & Wormell (1956)

1. Renewal of Olympic games. King Iphitos of Elis seeking remedy for civil strife and plague throughout Hellas. Instructed to renew the Olympic games. c. 776 BC.

2. Renewal of Olympic festival. Lykourgos of Sparta and King Iphitos of Elis seeking approval for renewal of Olympic festival. including games, to restore harmony and peace to the land. Reply that would be better to do so, and to proclaim observance of truce. c.884-776 BC.

3. Renewal of Olympic festival. Peloponnesians, through Lykourgos, seeking remedy for plague and famine in the Peloponnese. Instructed to renew Olympic festival, plague and famine being Zeus's punishment for it's neglect. 776 BC.

4. Renewal of Olympic festival. Peloponnesians, distrusting previous response. Instructed to sacrifice at Zeus's altar and accept previous instruction. [Date unknown.]

5. Crowning of Olympic victors. Iphitos of Elis proposing to crown victors. Instructed to do so with olive wreaths. 756 BC.

6. Spartan lawcode. Lykourgos of Sparta, received honorific greeting from oracle and a promise of unrivaled good order for Sparta. 7th C. BC.

7. Adoption of Lykourgan laws for Sparta. Spartans on whether it would be better for Sparta to obey these laws, and what would be the most beneficial laws to adopt. Reply that it would be better in every respect to obey these laws and a detailed constitutional statement. c. mid 7th C. BC.

8. Spartan lawcode. Lykourgos (following receipt of no.7) on what rulers should do to rule well and have citizens obey. Reply encouraging him to avoid strife in leading Spartans. 7th C. BC.

9. Spartan public morality. Spartans, or Lykourgos, or Kings Alkamenes and Theopompos, either on desire for new laws or on the pursuit of wealth. Reply that love of money and nothing else will destroy Sparta, pre 750 BC.

10. Spartan oaths. Spartans on whether to swear oaths by Herakles. Reply that it would be better to do so. Pre 500 BC.

11. Land allotment. King Charilaos and Archelaos of Sparta on a proposal to allot half the land acquired (after the conquest of Aigys) to Apollo. Reply that it would be better to do so. c. 775-760 BC.

12. Siege of Helos. Eleans on whether to assist Spartans in the siege. Instructed to keep ancestral law and protect their country, keep out of war and lead the Hellenes in friendship every fifth year. Early 8th C. BC.

13. First Messenian War. Spartans on whether to accept the appeal of the murdered Kresphontes' sons for help. Reply that they should accept the appeal and help the wronged. c. 740.

14. First Messenian War. Messenians seeking a means of victory during the siege of Mt. Ithome. Instructed to sacrifice to the underworld gods a maiden chosen by lot from the Aipytids from a family that offers her willingly. c. 725 BC.

15. First Messenian War. Spartans on defeat in battle in the course of the war. Reply that Messenians acquired their land by trickery and it will be taken from them by trickery. c. 725 BC.

16. First Messenian War. King Aristodemos of Messenia on the conduct of the war during the Spartan siege of the Mt. Ithome. Reply warning to beware of the trickery that will bring Spartans victory. c. 725 BC.

17. First Messenian War. Messenians on how to achieve victory in war with Sparta. Reply stating that victory comes to those who first place 100 tripods around altar of Zeus Ithomatas. c. 720.

18. Second Messenian War. Spartans on how to defeat Messenia most quickly. Instructed to get a leader or counselor from Athens and/or perform certain sacrifices. c. 685 BC.

19. Second Messenian War. Messenian request for salvation. No response given because the request was deemed unjust.c.685 BC

20. Second Messenian War. Aristomenes of Messenia on the occasion of the loss of his shield in battle. Request not stated, instructed to go to adyton (the inner or secret shrine of ancient places of worship) of Trophonios in Lebadeia. c. 680 BC.

21. Second Messenian War. Messenian envoys Aristomenes and Theoklos on salvation after defeat in battle. Reply that when a goat drinks near Neda, Apollo will no longer preserve Messene, for destruction will be near. c. 680 BC.

22. Colonization. Leukippos of Sparta on where he and his followers should settle. Instructed to sail to Italy and settle where they stayed a day and a night on landing. c. 700 BC.

23. Taras. Phalanthos of Sparta on colonization. Instructed to acquire land and found a city where he saw rain falling from a clear sky. c. 706 BC.

24. Taras. Phalanthos and Partheniai of Sparta asking to settle in Sikyonia. Reply 'fair is the land between Corinth and Sikyon, but you will not settle there. Look to Satyrion, the water of Taras, a harbor on the left, and the place where the goat loves salt water, wetting the tip of his gray beard. There build Tarentum.' c. 706 BC.

25. Taras. Phalanthos and Parthrniai of Sparta on where to settle/response 24 not understood. Reply 'I have given you Satyrion and Tarentum to live in and be a plague to the Lapygians. c. 706 BC.

26. Taras. Phalanthos or Tarentines concerning the welfare of Tarentum/guarantee of permanent possession of the city. Reply that they can recover their country by scattering Phalanthos' bones and ashes in the marketplace. c. 700 BC.

27. Taras. Tarentines; inquiry uncertain, probably seeking approval for change in community organization, perhaps democratic government or for intra-mural burial. Reply that it would be better for them to make their habitation with the majority. c. 700 BC.

28. Kroton. Myskellos of Rypes on his lack of children. Reply that Apollo would grant children, but first Myskellos was to found Kroton 'among fair fields.' c. 705 BC.

29. Kroton. Myskellos of Rypes (after receiving no. 28), on the whereabouts of Kroton. Reply 'you go by Taphiassos, Chalkis, the land of Kuretes, Echiniades, a wide sea on your left: you will not miss Lacinium or Crimisa or the Aesarus River.' c. 705 BC.

30. Kroton. Myskellos of Rypes on whether it would be better to found Sybaris instead of Kroton. Reply that he should accept the gifts that the god gave him. c. 705 BC.

31. Syracuse and Kroton. Archias of Corinth and Myskellos of Rypes on where to colonize. Reply offered a choice between wealth or health. Archias chose wealth and was granted Syracuse, Myskellos' choice of health gave him Kroton. c. 705 BC.

32. Rhegion. A tenth of the Chalkidians in time of famine. Antimnestos or Artemedes of Chalkis was sent to Apollo on their behalf, on where to found a colony. Reply 'where at the mouth of the Apsia River the female weds the male, there found a city.' c. 730 BC.

33. Rhegion. Messenians exiled by their opponents (for urging that the Spartans be compensated for outrages at Limnae) on how to preserve themselves. Instructed to sail with the Chalkidians to Rhegion. c. 730 BC.

34. Zankle/Drepanon. The two oikists, Perieres and Krataimenes, seeking to know after which of them the colony should be named. Reply that they should not name it after either. last quarter of 8th C. BC.

35. Public Building Megarians, inquiry unknown. Instructed to construct a tomb for Orisppos. 7th C. BC.

36. Delphic list of excellences. Aigion on the occasion of offering a tithe to Apollo after the victory over the Aetolians, on who were the better Hellenes. Reply 'Pelasgic Argos has better land, Thessaly better horses, Sparta better women; those who drink Arethusa's water are better men, but better than they are the Argives who live between Tiryns and Arkadia; and you Aigeis are not third or fourth or twelfth; you are not in the reckoning.' c. 700?

37. Syracuse. Archias of Corinth on colonization. Reply gives location of Syracuse. 'Ortigia lies in the sea on Trinakia, where Alphios gushes forth mingling with the spring Arethusa.' c. 735.

38. Kypselid. Aetion of Petra on childlessness. Reply 'Aetion, nobody honors you, although you deserve much honor. Labda conceives and will bear a rolling stone, which will fall upon the absolute rulers and will exact justice from Corinth.' Mid 7thC?

39. Kypselid. Apparently Bachiad rulers of Corinth, inquiry unknown. Reply 'An eagle on the rocks conceives, and will bear a lion, strong and flesh eating. Take notice of these things, Corinthians, who dwell round fair Peirene and high browed Corinth.'

40. Kypselid. Spontaneous address to Kypselod/Kypselos' request to return to Corinth. Blessed is the man who enters my house, Kypselos, son of Aetion, king of famous Corinth, he himself and his sons, but his sons, sons no longer.' Post-650 BC?

41. Kypselid. Occasion unknown. Reply 'Kypselos will bring many woes to Corinth.' May be detached part of no. 39. Latter part of 7th C?

42. Famine/introduction of cult. Epidaurians seeking remedy for famine. Instructed to set up images of Damia and Auxesia. Latter half of 7th C BC?

43. Famine/introduction of cult. Epidaurians on whether to make the statues mentioned in no 42. of bronze or stone. Instructed to use olive wood. Latter half of 7th C BC?