Oracular responses from Delphi
1. Renewal of Olympic games. King Iphitos
of Elis seeking remedy for civil strife and plague throughout
Hellas. Instructed to renew the Olympic games. c. 776 BC.
2. Renewal of Olympic festival. Lykourgos
of Sparta and King Iphitos of Elis seeking approval for renewal
of Olympic festival. including games, to restore harmony and peace
to the land. Reply that would be better to do so, and to proclaim
observance of truce. c.884-776 BC.
3. Renewal of Olympic festival. Peloponnesians,
through Lykourgos, seeking remedy for plague and famine in the
Peloponnese. Instructed to renew Olympic festival, plague and
famine being Zeus's punishment for it's neglect. 776 BC.
4. Renewal of Olympic festival. Peloponnesians,
distrusting previous response. Instructed to sacrifice at Zeus's
altar and accept previous instruction. [Date unknown.]
5. Crowning of Olympic victors. Iphitos of
Elis proposing to crown victors. Instructed to do so with olive
wreaths. 756 BC.
6. Spartan lawcode. Lykourgos of Sparta, received
honorific greeting from oracle and a promise of unrivaled good order
for Sparta. 7th C. BC.
7. Adoption of Lykourgan laws for Sparta.
Spartans on whether it would be better for Sparta to obey these
laws, and what would be the most beneficial laws to adopt. Reply that
it would be better in every respect to obey these laws and a detailed
constitutional statement. c. mid 7th C. BC.
8. Spartan lawcode. Lykourgos (following receipt
of no.7) on what rulers should do to rule well and have citizens
obey. Reply encouraging him to avoid strife in leading Spartans.
7th C. BC.
9. Spartan public morality. Spartans, or Lykourgos,
or Kings Alkamenes and Theopompos, either on desire for new laws
or on the pursuit of wealth. Reply that love of money and nothing
else will destroy Sparta, pre 750 BC.
10. Spartan oaths. Spartans on whether to
swear oaths by Herakles. Reply that it would be better to do so.
Pre 500 BC.
11. Land allotment. King Charilaos and Archelaos
of Sparta on a proposal to allot half the land acquired (after
the conquest of Aigys) to Apollo. Reply that it would be better
to do so. c. 775-760 BC.
12. Siege of Helos. Eleans on whether to assist
Spartans in the siege. Instructed to keep ancestral law and protect
their country, keep out of war and lead the Hellenes in friendship
every fifth year. Early 8th C. BC.
13. First Messenian War. Spartans on whether
to accept the appeal of the murdered Kresphontes' sons for help.
Reply that they should accept the appeal and help the wronged.
c. 740.
14. First Messenian War. Messenians seeking
a means of victory during the siege of Mt. Ithome. Instructed
to sacrifice to the underworld gods a maiden chosen by lot from
the Aipytids from a family that offers her willingly. c. 725 BC.
15. First Messenian War. Spartans on defeat
in battle in the course of the war. Reply that Messenians acquired
their land by trickery and it will be taken from them by trickery.
c. 725 BC.
16. First Messenian War. King Aristodemos
of Messenia on the conduct of the war during the Spartan siege
of the Mt. Ithome. Reply warning to beware of the trickery that
will bring Spartans victory. c. 725 BC.
17. First Messenian War. Messenians on how
to achieve victory in war with Sparta. Reply stating that victory
comes to those who first place 100 tripods around altar of Zeus
Ithomatas. c. 720.
18. Second Messenian War. Spartans on how
to defeat Messenia most quickly. Instructed to get a leader or
counselor from Athens and/or perform certain sacrifices. c. 685
BC.
19. Second Messenian War. Messenian request
for salvation. No response given because the request was deemed unjust.c.685
BC
20. Second Messenian War. Aristomenes of Messenia
on the occasion of the loss of his shield in battle. Request not
stated, instructed to go to adyton (the inner or secret shrine of
ancient places of worship) of Trophonios in Lebadeia.
c. 680 BC.
21. Second Messenian War. Messenian envoys
Aristomenes and Theoklos on salvation after defeat in battle.
Reply that when a goat drinks near Neda, Apollo will no longer
preserve Messene, for destruction will be near. c. 680 BC.
22. Colonization. Leukippos of Sparta on where
he and his followers should settle. Instructed to sail to Italy
and settle where they stayed a day and a night on landing. c.
700 BC.
23. Taras. Phalanthos of Sparta on colonization.
Instructed to acquire land and found a city where he saw rain
falling from a clear sky. c. 706 BC.
24. Taras. Phalanthos and Partheniai of Sparta
asking to settle in Sikyonia. Reply 'fair is the land between
Corinth and Sikyon, but you will not settle there. Look to Satyrion,
the water of Taras, a harbor on the left, and the place where
the goat loves salt water, wetting the tip of his gray beard.
There build Tarentum.' c. 706 BC.
25. Taras. Phalanthos and Parthrniai of Sparta
on where to settle/response 24 not understood. Reply 'I have given
you Satyrion and Tarentum to live in and be a plague to the Lapygians.
c. 706 BC.
26. Taras. Phalanthos or Tarentines concerning
the welfare of Tarentum/guarantee of permanent possession of the
city. Reply that they can recover their country by scattering
Phalanthos' bones and ashes in the marketplace. c. 700 BC.
27. Taras. Tarentines; inquiry uncertain,
probably seeking approval for change in community organization,
perhaps democratic government or for intra-mural burial. Reply
that it would be better for them to make their habitation with
the majority. c. 700 BC.
28. Kroton. Myskellos of Rypes on his lack
of children. Reply that Apollo would grant children, but first
Myskellos was to found Kroton 'among fair fields.' c. 705 BC.
29. Kroton. Myskellos of Rypes (after receiving
no. 28), on the whereabouts of Kroton. Reply 'you go by Taphiassos,
Chalkis, the land of Kuretes, Echiniades, a wide sea on your left:
you will not miss Lacinium or Crimisa or the Aesarus River.' c.
705 BC.
30. Kroton. Myskellos of Rypes on whether
it would be better to found Sybaris instead of Kroton. Reply that
he should accept the gifts that the god gave him. c. 705 BC.
31. Syracuse and Kroton. Archias of Corinth
and Myskellos of Rypes on where to colonize. Reply offered a choice
between wealth or health. Archias chose wealth and was granted
Syracuse, Myskellos' choice of health gave him Kroton. c. 705
BC.
32. Rhegion. A tenth of the Chalkidians in time
of famine. Antimnestos or Artemedes of Chalkis was sent to Apollo
on their behalf, on where to found a colony. Reply 'where at the
mouth of the Apsia River the female weds the male, there found
a city.' c. 730 BC.
33. Rhegion. Messenians exiled by their opponents
(for urging that the Spartans be compensated for outrages at Limnae)
on how to preserve themselves. Instructed to sail with the Chalkidians
to Rhegion. c. 730 BC.
34. Zankle/Drepanon. The two oikists, Perieres
and Krataimenes, seeking to know after which of them the colony
should be named. Reply that they should not name it after either.
last quarter of 8th C. BC.
35. Public Building Megarians, inquiry unknown. Instructed
to construct a tomb for Orisppos. 7th C. BC.
36. Delphic list of excellences. Aigion on
the occasion of offering a tithe to Apollo after the victory over
the Aetolians, on who were the better Hellenes. Reply 'Pelasgic
Argos has better land, Thessaly better horses, Sparta better women;
those who drink Arethusa's water are better men, but better than
they are the Argives who live between Tiryns and Arkadia; and
you Aigeis are not third or fourth or twelfth; you are not in
the reckoning.' c. 700?
37. Syracuse. Archias of Corinth on colonization.
Reply gives location of Syracuse. 'Ortigia lies in the sea on Trinakia,
where Alphios gushes forth mingling with the spring Arethusa.'
c. 735.
38. Kypselid. Aetion of Petra on childlessness.
Reply 'Aetion, nobody honors you, although you deserve much honor.
Labda conceives and will bear a rolling stone, which will fall
upon the absolute rulers and will exact justice from Corinth.'
Mid 7thC?
39. Kypselid. Apparently Bachiad rulers of Corinth, inquiry unknown. Reply 'An eagle on the rocks conceives, and will bear a lion, strong and flesh eating. Take notice of these things, Corinthians, who dwell round fair Peirene and high browed Corinth.'
40. Kypselid. Spontaneous address to Kypselod/Kypselos'
request to return to Corinth. Blessed is the man who enters my
house, Kypselos, son of Aetion, king of famous Corinth, he himself
and his sons, but his sons, sons no longer.' Post-650 BC?
41. Kypselid. Occasion unknown. Reply 'Kypselos
will bring many woes to Corinth.' May be detached part of no.
39. Latter part of 7th C?
42. Famine/introduction of cult. Epidaurians
seeking remedy for famine. Instructed to set up images of Damia
and Auxesia. Latter half of 7th C BC?
43. Famine/introduction of cult. Epidaurians on whether to make the statues mentioned in no 42. of bronze or stone. Instructed to use olive wood. Latter half of 7th C BC?